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Civil engineering --- Structural engineering --- Bauwesen. --- Zeitschrift. --- Civil engineering. --- Structural engineering. --- Engineering, Structural --- Structures, Engineering of --- Architecture --- Engineering --- Public works --- Bauwesen --- Zeitschrift --- Periodikum --- Zeitschriften --- Presse --- Fortlaufendes Sammelwerk

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The book traces the use of physical models by engineering designers from the eighteenth century, through their heyday in the 1950s-70s, to their current use alongside computer models. It argues that their use has been at least as important in the development of engineering as scientific theory has. Physical models have been, and continue to be used by engineers when faced with unprecedented challenges, when engineering science has been inadequate or even non-existent, and in any other situation when engineers have needed to raise their confidence in a design proposal to a sufficient level in order to begin construction. For this reason, models have mostly been used by designers and constructors of highly innovative projects, when previous experience has not been available. The book covers the history of using physical models in the design and development of civil and building engineering projects including Robert Stephenson?s Britannia Bridge in the 1840s, the masonry Aswan Dam in the 1890s and the Boulder Dam in the 1930s; tidal flow in estuaries and wind and seismic loads on structures from the 1890s, the acoustics of concert halls and the design of thin concrete shell roofs from the 1920s, and the dynamic behaviour of tall buildings from the 1930s, as well as and cable-net and membrane structures in the 1960s. Individual designers featured include Eduardo Torroja, Pier Luigi Nervi, Heinz Hossdorf, Heinz Isler, Frei Otto, Sergio Musmeci and Mamoru Kawaguchi. The book concludes with overviews of the current use of physical models alongside computer models, for example in boundary layer wind tunnels, seismic engineering, hydrology, soil mechanics, and air flow in buildings. Traditionally, progress in engineering has been attributed to the creation and use of engineering science, the understanding of materials properties and the development of new construction methods. The book argues that the use of reduced-scale models has played an equally important part in the development of civil and building engineering. However, like the history of engineering design itself, this crucial contribution has not been widely reported or celebrated.

(Produktform)Hardback --- Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen --- Baustatik --- Baustatik u. Baumechanik --- Bauwesen --- Civil Engineering & Construction --- Civil Engineering & Construction Special Topics --- Geschichte der Physik --- History of Physics --- Materials Science --- Materialwissenschaften --- Materialwissenschaften / Theorie, Modellierung u. Simulation --- Physics --- Physics Special Topics --- Physik --- Spezialthemen Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen --- Spezialthemen Physik --- Stahlhochbau --- Stahlhochbau u. Brückenbau --- Steel Construction & Bridge Engineering --- Structural Theory & Structural Mechanics --- Structures --- Theory, Modeling & Simulation --- Tragwerke --- CE00: Allg. Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen --- CE03: Tragwerke --- CE07: Stahlhochbau u. Brückenbau --- CE80: Baustatik u. Baumechanik --- CEZ0: Spezialthemen Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen --- MS90: Materialwissenschaften / Theorie, Modellierung u. Simulation --- PH00: Allg. Physik --- PH01: Geschichte der Physik --- PHZ0: Spezialthemen Physik --- (VLB-WN)1685: Hardcover, Softcover / Technik/Bautechnik, Umwelttechnik --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- civil engineering --- building physics --- construction models --- Civil engineering --- Engineering models --- Génie civil --- Modèles techniques --- Engineering models. --- Structural engineering --- Technique de la construction --- History --- Histoire

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Due to its diverse natural conditions, the Himalayas are particularly suitable for research on craft traditions. The book clearly shows connections between natural and cultural parameters and regional building and craft traditions and their influence on the material culture in the Himalayas. Der Himalaya bietet sich für die Forschung zu Handwerkstraditionen durch dessen vielfältige naturräumliche Gegebenheiten an. Das Buch zeigt anschaulich Zusammenhänge zwischen natur- und kulturräumlichen Parametern und regionalen Bau- und Handwerkstraditionen und deren Einfluss auf die materielle Kultur im Himalaya.

Materielle Kultur, Handwerk, Bautraditionen, Vernakuläre Architektur, Himalaya, Baumaterial, Tonmineralogie, Lehmbau, buddhistische Architektur, Bauökologie, kulturelles Erbe, klimatische Einflüsse --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Architekturgeschichte (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (1) -- Geowissenschaften (105) -- Geologie, Mineralogie (1051) -- Mineralogie (105116) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Bauingenieurwesen (2011) -- Bautechnik (201106) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Baukulturelles Erbe (201215) --- Material culture, crafts, craftsmanship, building traditions, vernacular architecture, Himalayan architecture, building material, clay mineralogy, earthen architecture, Buddhist architecture, natural environment, cultural heritage, climatic influences --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- History of architecture (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURAL SCIENCES (1) -- Geosciences (105) -- Geology, Mineralogy (1051) -- Mineralogy (105116) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Civil Engineering (2011) -- Structural engineering (201106) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- Building cultural heritage (201215)

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Concessions were strictly delimited enclaves within key trading cities in China, ceded to and governed by foreign powers after ‘unequal treaties’ resulting from military campaigns. Within the international concession of Tientsin (today’s Tianjin), a city to the south-east of Beijing, nine nations were present (1860-1946), but the Austro-Hungarian concession (1901-17) fell into oblivion. Filling this scientific gap is the overall goal of this book: its urban and architectural history will be contextualised here for the first time, making use of hitherto unknown archival material. Konzessionen waren genau abgesteckte Handelsenklaven in Chinesischen Handelsstädten, die in Folge aufgezwungener Verträge nach kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen an fremde Besatzungsmächte übergeben und von jenen verwaltet wurden. Innerhalb der Internationalen Konzession von Tientsin (heute Tianjin), einer Stadt südöstlich von Peking, waren zwischen 1860 und 1946 insgesamt neun Nationen präsent, jedoch ist die Österreichisch-Ungarische Konzession (sie bestand zwischen 1901 und 1917) heute komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. Ziel der vorliegenden Publikation ist es, diese wissenschaftliche Fehlstelle zu schließen: ihre städtebauliche und architektonische Entwicklungsgeschichte wird hier das erste Mal kontextualisiert, und dies mit bisher unbekanntem Archivmaterial untermauert.

Law --- Austria-Hungary, Concession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architectural History, Global History, Colonialism, Cultural Heritage --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- History of architecture (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Global history (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- Building cultural heritage (201215) --- Österreich-Ungarn, Konzession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architekturgeschichte, Globalgeschichte, Kolonialismus, Kulturerbe --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Architekturgeschichte (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Globalgeschichte (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Baukulturelles Erbe (201215) --- Tianjin (China) --- Austria --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Foreign relations

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Concessions were strictly delimited enclaves within key trading cities in China, ceded to and governed by foreign powers after ‘unequal treaties’ resulting from military campaigns. Within the international concession of Tientsin (today’s Tianjin), a city to the south-east of Beijing, nine nations were present (1860-1946), but the Austro-Hungarian concession (1901-17) fell into oblivion. Filling this scientific gap is the overall goal of this book: its urban and architectural history will be contextualised here for the first time, making use of hitherto unknown archival material. Konzessionen waren genau abgesteckte Handelsenklaven in Chinesischen Handelsstädten, die in Folge aufgezwungener Verträge nach kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen an fremde Besatzungsmächte übergeben und von jenen verwaltet wurden. Innerhalb der Internationalen Konzession von Tientsin (heute Tianjin), einer Stadt südöstlich von Peking, waren zwischen 1860 und 1946 insgesamt neun Nationen präsent, jedoch ist die Österreichisch-Ungarische Konzession (sie bestand zwischen 1901 und 1917) heute komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. Ziel der vorliegenden Publikation ist es, diese wissenschaftliche Fehlstelle zu schließen: ihre städtebauliche und architektonische Entwicklungsgeschichte wird hier das erste Mal kontextualisiert, und dies mit bisher unbekanntem Archivmaterial untermauert.

Austria-Hungary, Concession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architectural History, Global History, Colonialism, Cultural Heritage --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- History of architecture (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Global history (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- Building cultural heritage (201215) --- Österreich-Ungarn, Konzession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architekturgeschichte, Globalgeschichte, Kolonialismus, Kulturerbe --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Architekturgeschichte (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Globalgeschichte (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Baukulturelles Erbe (201215) --- Tianjin (China) --- Austria --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Foreign relations